Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections in the United States, yet it’s also one of the most misunderstood. At Capital Women’s Care – Charm City Ob/Gyn, we believe that education is empowering. Understanding what HPV is, how it’s tested, and when follow-up is necessary can help you feel confident and proactive about your reproductive health.
Whether you’ve recently had an abnormal Pap test, tested positive for HPV, or simply want to learn more, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know—clearly and calmly.
What Is HPV?
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a group of more than 100 related viruses. It’s extremely common—most sexually active people will contract at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives.
HPV is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, most commonly through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. In many cases, the virus causes no symptoms and clears on its own without treatment.
Types of HPV
- Low-risk HPV: Can cause genital warts but does not lead to cancer.
- High-risk HPV: Certain strains (such as HPV 16 and 18) are associated with cervical cancer and other cancers if not monitored properly.
How Is HPV Tested?
HPV testing is typically done during a Pap smear or cervical cancer screening.
- A Pap test looks for abnormal cervical cells.
- An HPV test looks specifically for high-risk strains of the virus that can lead to cervical cancer.
For many patients age 30 and older, Pap and HPV testing are done together (called co-testing) as part of routine preventive care.
What Does a Positive HPV Test Mean?
Testing positive for HPV does not mean you have cancer.
In most cases:
- The immune system clears the virus within 1–2 years
- No treatment is needed—only monitoring
- Many women with HPV never develop abnormal cells
A positive test simply means your provider will keep a closer eye on your cervical health to ensure changes are detected early, when they are easiest to treat.
Abnormal Pap Results: What Happens Next?
If your Pap smear shows abnormal cells, your provider may recommend:
- Repeat Pap or HPV testing in 6–12 months
- Colposcopy, a closer examination of the cervix
- Biopsy, if needed, to evaluate cell changes
These steps are preventive and designed to stop cervical cancer before it ever develops.
When Should You Worry About HPV?
Most HPV infections are harmless, but follow-up is important when:
- High-risk HPV persists over time
- Abnormal cervical cells worsen instead of resolving
- You miss recommended screenings or follow-ups
Regular gynecologic care is the best way to protect yourself. Cervical cancer develops slowly, and with proper screening, it is highly preventable.
Can HPV Be Prevented?
Yes—there are powerful prevention tools available.
HPV Vaccine
- Recommended for adolescents and young adults
- Can be given up to age 45 in certain cases
- Protects against the most dangerous HPV strains
Routine Screening
- Pap smears and HPV tests detect changes early
- Early detection means simpler, more effective treatment
Comprehensive HPV Q&A
Is HPV common?
Yes. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Most people who have it never know because it causes no symptoms.
Can I get HPV even if I’m in a monogamous relationship?
Yes. HPV can remain dormant for years, so a positive test doesn’t mean a recent exposure.
Does HPV affect pregnancy or fertility?
HPV itself does not affect fertility or pregnancy. Some treatments for cervical changes may require careful monitoring, which your provider will discuss with you.
Do men get HPV?
Yes. HPV affects all genders, though routine testing is primarily done for cervical health.
If my HPV test is negative, am I protected forever?
No. A negative test means no HPV was detected at that time. Continued routine screening is still important.
Can HPV go away on its own?
Yes. In most healthy individuals, the immune system clears HPV naturally within 1–2 years.
What happens if HPV doesn’t go away?
Persistent high-risk HPV may cause cervical cell changes over time, which is why follow-up care is essential.
Compassionate, Personalized Women’s Care
At Capital Women’s Care – Charm City Ob/Gyn, our experienced providers are dedicated to guiding you through every step of your gynecologic care with compassion, clarity, and expertise. If you have questions about HPV, Pap testing, or follow-up care, we’re here to help.
Contact Information
Towson Office
7801 York Road, Suite 133
Towson, MD 21204
📞 (410) 339-7447
Bel Air Office
2103 Laurel Bush Rd
Bel Air, MD 21015
📞 (410) 515-7600
🌐 Website: cwcaretowson.com
📅 Appointments: cwcaretowson.com/appointments